| Prototype Injection Molding | Thermoplastics such as ABS, polypropylene, polycarbonate, nylon, POM, and TPU | Aluminum or soft-steel molds with simplified parting lines and inserts | Approximately 10 to 10,000 parts | About 2 to 6 weeks, depending on mold complexity and material availability | Commonly about ±0.05 to ±0.20 mm for controlled features; material shrinkage must be considered | Functional engineering prototypes, fit checks, product testing, and low-volume production | Tool design, mold-flow knowledge, process control, and inspection capability strongly affect consistency and surface quality |
| Vacuum Casting | Polyurethane resins that simulate ABS, polypropylene, rubber, nylon, or transparent plastics | Silicone molds produced from a master pattern | Approximately 5 to 30 parts per silicone mold | About 1 to 3 weeks after the master pattern is approved | Commonly about ±0.15 to ±0.30 mm, depending on part size and geometry | Appearance models, ergonomic studies, display samples, and small batches of complex parts | Pattern finishing, silicone selection, degassing, and resin mixing determine replication accuracy and cosmetic quality |
| Compression Molding | Thermosets, elastomers, silicone compounds, rubber, and fiber-reinforced compounds | Machined or cast compression tooling with heated platens | Approximately 10 to 5,000 parts | About 2 to 6 weeks | Commonly about ±0.10 to ±0.50 mm, depending on material and part geometry | Seals, gaskets, covers, electrical insulation, and heat-resistant components | Compound formulation, curing control, flash management, and mold venting are important for repeatable results |
| Liquid Silicone Rubber Molding | Liquid silicone rubber in different hardness grades, colors, and specialty formulations | Precision metal mold with cold-runner or conventional injection tooling | Approximately 50 to 10,000 parts | About 3 to 8 weeks, including mold fabrication and validation | Commonly about ±0.10 to ±0.30 mm, with allowances for silicone elasticity and shrinkage | Medical covers, seals, keypads, wearable components, and flexible consumer products | Clean-room practices, material traceability, flash control, and curing expertise are important for reliable silicone parts |
| Rotational Molding | Polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, PVC, and other rotational-molding powders | Fabricated sheet-metal or cast-metal molds rotated inside a heated chamber | Approximately 10 to 1,000 parts | About 3 to 8 weeks | Commonly about ±0.50 to ±1.50 mm; wall thickness and warpage require design allowance | Large hollow enclosures, tanks, containers, ducts, and durable outdoor products | Heating-cycle control, powder distribution, vent design, and cooling practices influence wall uniformity and distortion |
| Reaction Injection Molding | Polyurethane, structural polyurethane, and other two-component thermoset systems | Machined or cast molds with controlled mixing and metering equipment | Approximately 10 to 5,000 parts | About 3 to 8 weeks | Commonly about ±0.20 to ±0.60 mm, depending on material, mold, and part size | Large panels, automotive-style components, housings, and lightweight structural parts | Accurate chemical metering, mold temperature control, venting, and operator expertise affect density and mechanical performance |
| Low-Pressure Reaction Molding | Polyurethane foams, rigid polyurethane, and elastomeric polyurethane systems | Lower-pressure molds made from aluminum, epoxy, or composite tooling | Approximately 5 to 1,000 parts | About 2 to 6 weeks | Commonly about ±0.30 to ±1.00 mm, depending on foam density and part dimensions | Interior panels, protective packaging, soft-touch components, and low-volume enclosures | Control of foam density, expansion, skin formation, and dimensional stability determines final part performance |
| Bridge Tooling for Low-Volume Production | Production-grade thermoplastics, elastomers, and selected engineering resins | Short-life aluminum or soft-steel mold used before full production tooling | Approximately 100 to 20,000 parts | About 4 to 10 weeks | Commonly about ±0.05 to ±0.25 mm for controlled features | Market testing, pilot production, regulatory samples, and early customer shipments | Engineering validation, mold durability, quality documentation, and scalable process settings reduce transition risk |